英文書信

2024-11-11 書信

　　書信是人們在日常生活和工作中進行交際的工具，也是中考和高考書面表達中常見的考試文體。由于民族語言和習慣上的差異，英語信件在書寫格式及表達方式上與漢語不大一樣，有些地方迥然不同。本章將向大家介紹一般格式及各種常見信件，如家信、祝賀信、道歉信及自薦信等。

　　英文書信：英文婚禮邀請函

　　Dear Snoopy,

　　I am greatly honored to formally invite you to participate in Mr. Guo Jing's wedding ceremony with Ms. Huang Rong to be held at Beijing Grand Hotel from 8 to 10 p.m. on April 1, XXXX.

　　As you are a close friend of us, we would very much like you to attend the celebration and share our joy. The occasion will start at seven o'clock in the evening, with the showing of their wedding ceremony. This will be followed by a dinner party. At around ten, we will hold a small musical soiree, at which a band will perform some works by Bach and Strauss.

　　If you do not have any prior appointment on April 1, we look forward to the pleasure of your company.

　　Yours sincerely,

　　Li Ming

　　英文書信：應屆畢業生英文求職信

　　Dear Sir，

　　I will graduate from the University of Kansas with a Masters degree in June of this year. My major is Pharmacy and I am very interested in securing a position before I graduate, if possible.

　　I am a Chinese and my bachelor's degree is from Zhejiang University.

　　I have long been hopeful of working for you after I graduate, because I consider you the finest hospital in this region, I as sure that if I have the privilege of serving in your pharmacy, I will greatly increase my education and my experience.

　　Needless to say, I will have completed a standard course in pharmacy before I graduate in June. In addition, I have chosen to elect all the courses available at my school in Hospital Pharmacy. I did this because I have always wanted to be a hospital pharmacy. My professors, Sr. John Harkin, Dr. Mildred Carter, and Dr. Iriny Schultz have give me permission to use their names as reference.

　　If you have a position available after I graduate, I would appreciate it. If not, please keep my name on your file, because I consider your Pharmacy the best in this region.

　　Sincerely yours,

　　xxx

　　英文書信的構成可分為8個部分：

　　信頭(Heading), 日期(Date), 收信人姓名及地址(Inside Name and Address), 稱呼(Salutation), 信文(Body of the letter), 結束語(Complimentary close), 署名(Signature), 附言(P. S.)

　　信頭(Heading)

　　信頭是指發信人的單位名稱或地址。一般情況下發信人只需把自己的地址寫(打字，手寫均可)在信的右上角，離開信紙的頂頭約1英寸，占二三行或四行均可，格式如下：①齊頭式 ②縮進式

　　注意：寫地址的次序與中文不同，應先寫門牌號碼街道，然后城市和國名。寫地址時采用齊頭或縮進式，以及每行后要不要加標點符號，都沒有固定的規定。如寫給經常往來的親友，這項地址也可以省略。

　　日期(Date):

　　寫日期注意下列各點：①年份應寫全，例如不能用"99"來代替"1999";②月份應寫英文名稱，除May, July外，可用縮寫，如：Sep., Oct.。但不要用數字來代替，如7/4/99 或7， 4， 99，因為在英國此日期代表 7th April，1999，而美國則代表4th July，1999。 ③日期可用1，2，3，4 11，12 21，22 31等，也可用lst，2nd，3rd，4th 11th，21th 22nd 31st等。

　　日期的幾種寫法：a.July 7，1998 b.1st October, 1998 c.30 Nov., 1997 d.Sep. 3rd, 1999

　　④特別注意英文書信日期應緊接著寫信人地址下一行，不能像寫中文書信那樣寫在書信簽名之后，這是很多學生的常見錯誤。

　　收信人姓名及地址(Inside Name and Address)

　　寫信人的地址和日期寫好以后，接著就要寫收信人的姓名和地址，一般的事務信件或給較生疏的朋友的信件要寫，而在給極熟的朋友的信中則可省去。這一項寫在日期下一行的左上角。收信人姓名寫一行，收信人地址可分兩行或三行寫，和寫信人的地址一樣，上下可取齊，也可以向右縮進。在姓名前一般要加上稱號，稱號因人而異。

　　①對普通男子用Mr;②對未婚女子用Miss;③對已婚女子用Mrs，對婚姻狀況不明確的通常用Ms(后跟本人姓);

　　④對男子用Master;⑤對教授或博士(醫生)用Prof.或Dr.

　　稱呼(Salutation)

　　稱呼指的是信文開頭的那種稱呼，如Dear , Mr, Uncle，各種稱呼因人而異。在稱呼后面一般是用逗號，但也有用冒號的。現歸納如下：①對父母、兄弟、姐妹等;a.Father, b.My dear Mother, c. Dear Sister, d. Dear Tom,

　　②對親戚：a.My dear Auntie, b.Dear Cousin, c.My dear Cousin,

　　③對朋友、同學a.My dear friend, b.Dear Mr Jackson, c.My dear Mr Jackson, d.Dear Sir,

　　④對未婚女子：a.Dear Miss Luce, b.My dear Miss Luce,

　　⑤對一般女子，不論是否結婚：a.Madame, b.Dear Madame,

　　⑥對已婚女子：a.Dear Mrs Helen Jackson, b.My dear Mrs Helen Jackson,

　　⑦對公司、工廠、學校等：a.Dear Sirs, b.Sirs, c.Gentlemen,

　　信文(Body of the letter)

　　信文是信件的主體部分，也就是信的內容。正文應在稱呼下兩行開始。信的開頭第一個字母通常和稱呼開頭第一個詞平齊。也有往后退四個或八個字母的。下面介紹一些開頭語和結尾語。

　　開頭語

　　①相當于中文的"敬君者"。

　　a.I beg to inform you that

　　b.I beg to take this opportunity to inform you that

　　c.I have the honor to address you that

　　d. I write in a hurry to inform you that

　　e.I have the pleasure to tell you that

　　f. I'm very much delighted to inform you that

　　②相當于中文的"接讀某月某日來信，一切知悉"。

　　a.I thank you very much for your letter of May 20th

　　b.Your letter of May 20th has been received with thanks.

　　c.It gives me great pleasure to receive your kind of May 20th.

　　d.In answer to your kind letter of May 20th, I deeply regret that

　　e.I have received your kind letter of May 20th.

　　f.Words can't express my delight on finding your favor of yesterday on my desk this morning.

　　g.Your letter dated May 20th has been received.

　　結尾語

　　采用三種方法：

　　①采用分詞短語：句末用逗號，不用句號。例如：

　　a.Waiting for your good news,

　　b.Looking forward to your early reply,

　　c.Hoping to hear from you soon,

　　d.Hoping you are enjoying good health,

　　e.Regretting that I can't give you a more favorite reply,

　　f.Regretting the trouble I'm causing you,

　　g.Wishing you every success,

　　h.Wishing you a pleasant journey,

　　i.Wishing you a happy New Year,

　　②采用介詞短語，例如：

　　a.With best regards,

　　b.With kind regards to your family,

　　c.With best wishes to you and yours,

　　d.With best wishes for your success and happiness,

　　e.With best wishes for your success in your new field of work,

　　f.With best regards and wishing you all success,

　　g.With warmest regards,

　　h.With best regards to you and your family,

　　i.With the season's greetings,

　　③采用完整句子：

　　a.We are waiting for your good news.

　　b.I hope to receive your early reply.

　　c.We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.

　　d.I thank you very much for your services, and wish your continued success.

　　結束語(Complimentary Close)

　　結束語的一般寫法如下：

　　① 業務書信常用：Yours faithfully, Faithfully yours, Yours truly, Truly yours, Sincerely yours,

　　② 公函常用：Yours respectfully, Respectfully yours, Yours sincerely,

　　③私人書信常用：Sincerely yours, Yours very sincerely, Yours affectionately, Yours ever,

　　④給親戚朋友的信常用：Love, All my love, Your(ever)loving son/daughter/cousin , etc.

　　Your affectionate nephew, lovingly, Lovingly yours,

　　署名(Signature)

　　下面是署名的例子：

　　① 個人署名：truly, W. J. Watson ,Yours faithfully,

　　②公司署名：Legend Computer Company, Wang Lin ,Sales Manager

　　附言(Postscript)

　　發信人有時在寫完信后又想起一件比較重要的事沒有說，可以在信末署名下面幾行寫上， P. S. (Postscript的縮寫)，然后將要補充的話寫上。不過要注意寫信時最好將事情一次講清楚，盡量少用或不用P.S.。

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