Lesson 62 After the fire大火之后First listen and then answer the question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What was the danger to the villages after the fire?
Firemen had been fighting the forest for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control. A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around. Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills. Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well. When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly. The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes. The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root. In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.
參考譯文
消防隊員們同那場森林大火搏斗了將近3個星期才最后把火勢控制住。就在不久之前，參天大樹還覆蓋著方圓數(shù)英里的土地。而現(xiàn)在，發(fā)熱的地面上仍然升騰著煙霧，彌漫在荒涼的山丘上。冬季即將來臨，這些山丘對周圍的村莊具有毀滅性的威脅，因為大雨不僅會沖走土壤，而且還會引起嚴(yán)重的水災(zāi)。在大火最后被撲滅后，森林管理當(dāng)局訂購了好幾噸一種生長迅速的特殊類型的草籽。飛機把這種草籽大量地撒播在地上。飛機撒播近一個月后，開始下起雨來。然而到那時，很多地方的草已經(jīng)生了根。一片片的綠草開始出現(xiàn)在這片燒焦的土地上，代替了多少世紀(jì)以來一直生長在那里的參天大樹。
New words and Expressions生詞和短語
control
n.控制
smoke
n.煙
desolate
adj.荒涼的
threaten
v.威脅
surrounding
adj.周圍的
destruction
n.破壞，毀滅
flood
n.洪水，水災(zāi)
authority
n.（常用復(fù)數(shù)）當(dāng)局
grass-seed
n.草籽
spray
v.噴撒
quantity
n.量
root
n.根
century
n.世紀(jì)
patch
n.小片
blacken
v.變黑，發(fā)暗
Lesson 62自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀First things first課文詳注Further notes on the text
1．under control,受到控制。
get it under control表示“使它得到控制”，get有“使……處于某種狀態(tài)”的含義：
You'd better get your dog under control.
你最好管住你的狗。
The Government can no longer keep prices under control.政府已控制不住物價。
2．for miles around,方圓數(shù)英里。
around表示“在周圍”、“向四周”：
This is the only modern building for miles around.
方圓數(shù)英里之內(nèi)這是惟一的一座現(xiàn)代化建筑。
3．Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction…冬季即將來臨，這些山丘對周圍的村莊具有毀滅性的威脅……
（1）come on的過去進行時形式表示的是過去將來時，它在這里表示季節(jié)的“到來”、“來臨”：
When spring comes on, there will be flowers everywhere.
春天到來時到處都是鮮花。
I was still in the forest when night came on.
夜晚來臨時我仍在森林里。
（2）threaten…with表示“以……威脅/恐嚇”：
The thief threatened him with a knife.
小偷用刀子威脅他。
Then whole village is threatened with destruction.
整個村子面臨著毀滅的威脅。
4．…for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well.……因為大雨不僅會沖走土壤，而且還會引起嚴(yán)重的水災(zāi)。
（1）for引導(dǎo)的句子與前面的兩個分句為并列句，用于陳述原因。heavy rain這個主語之后是由not only… but… as well連接的兩個謂語。與并列連詞not only…but(also)的含義一樣，not only…but…as well也表示“不僅……而且……”，用于連接并列句，只是as well通常位于句尾。試比較：
He not only washed the car, but (also) polished it.
他不僅沖洗汽車，而且擦拭了它。
He not only washed the car, but polished it as well.
（譯文同上）
（2）wash away表示“沖掉”、“沖走”或“洗掉”等：
A wooden bridge was washed away by the flood.
一座木橋被洪水沖走了。
I can't wash the spot away.
我無法把這污點洗去。
5．in huge quantities,大量地。
quantity單數(shù)時僅表示“數(shù)量”，既可以用于表示多也可以用于表示少：
They drank a large/great/small quantity of beer last night.
昨天晚上他們喝了大量/許多/少量的啤酒。
quantity復(fù)數(shù)時表示“大量”：
He bought books in (large) quantities.
他大量地購書。
He has quantities of books/stamps.
他有大量的書/郵票。
6．… in many places the grass had already taken root.……很多地方的草已經(jīng)生了根。
take root表示“生根”，是固定短語：
This type of grass takes root easily.
這種草很容易生根。
這個短語也可以表示某種思想/想法等“扎根”：
The idea has taken root in his mind.
這個想法已在他腦子里扎了根。
7．In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries, patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.一片片的綠草開始出現(xiàn)在這片燒焦的土地上，代替了多少世紀(jì)以來一直生長在那里的參天大樹。
（1）in place of表示“代替”、“取代”：
Jane answered the phone in place of Mary.
簡代替瑪麗接了電話。
（2）介詞短語in place of的賓語是trees。trees有一個which引導(dǎo)的關(guān)系從句，which在從句中作主語，不可省略；從句中的時態(tài)為過去完成進行時。（cf．本課語法）
（3）patch的含義之一是“顏色和周圍不同的部分”：
There are patches of cloud in the sky.
天空中有片片白云。
What is that yellow patch on the wall?
墻上那塊黃斑是什么？
（4）blackened為過去分詞，作形容詞用，表示“變黑了的”、“燒焦的”：
The smoke has blackened the walls.
煙把墻熏黑了。
語法Grammar in use
1．過去完成進行時(The past perfect progressive tense)
構(gòu)成：had been+現(xiàn)在分詞
（1）過去完成進行時用于強調(diào)某動作在過去更早的某一段時間內(nèi)一直在進行，并對過去某一時刻產(chǎn)生結(jié)果。與它經(jīng)常連用的表示時間的詞有before, for, since, all day等：
She was very tired. She had been typing letters all day.
她很累了。她整天都在打信件。
（2）過去完成進行時可用來表示過去經(jīng)常重復(fù)的動作：
Jill was angry. Jim had been phoning her every night for a whole week.
吉爾生氣了。整整一星期，吉姆天天晚上都給她打電話。
（3）它還可以表示根據(jù)直接或間接的證據(jù)而得出結(jié)論：
Her eyes were red. It was obvious she had been crying.
她的眼睛紅了。顯然她剛哭過。
（4）在包含間接引語的句子中，如果引述詞是過去時態(tài)，則現(xiàn)在完成進行時要改為過去完成進行時（cf．第15課語法）：
What was Tom's excuse for being late last night?
湯姆說他昨晚遲到的理由是什么?
He said he'd been making phone calls.
他說他一直在打電話。
2．過去完成進行時與過去完成時的比較
過去完成時在第14課與第38課的語法中已經(jīng)學(xué)過。它與過去完成進行時有時可以替換使用：
Dan had worked/had been working for the firm for fifteen years when I first met him.
我第一次遇見丹時，他已在該公司干了15年了。
需要表示某個工作已經(jīng)完成時，只能用過去完成時：
When I got home, I found that Jill had been painting her room.
我回到家時，看見吉爾在粉刷她的房間。（工作尚未完成）
When I got home, I found that Jill had painted her room.
我回到家時，發(fā)現(xiàn)吉爾已經(jīng)粉刷過她的房間了。（已完成）
When I arrived, they'd already put the fire out.
我到達時，他們已經(jīng)把火撲滅了。（不可用過去完成進行時）
詞匯學(xué)習(xí)Word study
1．control與check
（1）control (vt.)表示“指揮”、“控制”、“支配”、“管理”等：The Bentons control this firm.
本頓一家控制著這家公司。
Don't try to control other people.
不要試圖指揮/控制他人。
control(n.)表示“控制（能力）”、“支配（能力）”等：
They finally got the fire under control.
他們最終控制住了火勢。
It's hard to keep the number of people coming into the country under control.
很難控制住進入這個國家的人數(shù)。
（2）check(vt.)表示“檢查”、“查看”：
They're going to check our passports.
他們將要查看我們的護照。
Check the fire before you leave.
離開之前檢查一下火。
2．great與big
它們都有“大”的意思，但great通常與重要性有關(guān)，表示“偉大的”、“重大的”、“重要的”等含義，big則較為口語化，表示體積、規(guī)模等方面的“大”：
Frank has just made a great decision.
弗蘭克剛作出一項重大決定。
This picture is said to be painted by a great painter.
據(jù)說這幅畫是一位偉大的畫家畫的。（不可用big）
Sam is a big man.
薩姆是個大塊頭。
Your house is bigger than mine.
你家的房子比我家的大。（不可用great）
3．soil與ground
soil主要用于指“土”、“土地”、“土壤”：
Heavy rain will wash away the soil from desolate hills.
大雨將把泥土從荒涼的山丘上沖走。
Trees and grass grow quickly in rich soil.
草木在肥沃的土壤里生長迅速。
ground含義較廣。它除了可以表示“土地”、“土壤”外，還可以表示“地面”、“場地”等：
Don't sit on the ground.
不要坐在地上。
He threw the cup to the ground.
他把杯子摔到地上。
There is a football ground in our university.
我們大學(xué)里有一個足球場。
Lesson 62課后練習(xí)和答案Exercises and Answer
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