一般來說，文章的開頭應盡量做到“開門見山”，即要用簡單明了的語言引出文章的話題，使人一開始就能了解文章要說明的內容。
一. 開頭經典句型
1、對于敘事類的文章，可以在開頭把人物、時間、事件和環境交代清楚。
如“A Trip to Huangshan(黃山之旅)”的開頭可以是：Last month, my family went to Huangshan by train. It took us ten hours to get there. What a long and tiring journey! We were tired but the beautiful scenery excited us.
2、對于論述性的文章，可以在開頭處先闡明自己的觀點，接著展開進一步的論述。
如“The Time and the Money (時間和金錢)” 的開頭可以是：Most people say that money is more important than time. But I don't think so. First, when money is used up, you can earn it back， but……
3、在描述事件或游記類的文章中，采用回憶性的開頭往往更能吸引人的眼球。這種類型的開頭中通常含有描述自己心情或情緒的詞匯，如never forget(永遠無法忘記)、 remember (記得)、unforgettable(難以忘懷的)、 exciting(令人激動的)、surprising(令人驚訝的)、sad (難過的)……
如“A Trip to Huangshan(黃山之旅)”的開頭還可以這樣寫：I will never forget my first trip to Huangshan. 或It was really an unforgettable experience I had.
4、在敘事類或論述性的文章中，都可采用疑問型開頭，這樣既可以吸引閱卷者的注意又容易抓住中心。
如“Planting Trees(種樹)”的開頭可以是：Have you ever planted trees? Don't you think planting trees is ……
再如“Traveling Abroad(出國之旅)”的開頭可以是：If you have an opportunity to travel abroad, why not consider Singapore?
5、有的文章，特別是敘事類的文章中，可以采用倒敘的寫作手法，先寫出事件的結果，再陳述過程。
如“Catching Thieves (捉賊)”的開頭可以這樣寫：I lay in bed in the hospital. I smiled at my friends even though my legs hurt. Do you want to know what happened to me? Let me tell you. It's a ... story.
二、結尾經典句型
1、隨著文章的結束，文章自然而然地結尾。
如“Helping the Policeman (幫助警察)”的結尾可以是：The two children were praised by the police and they felt happy.
再如“The Tortoise and the Hare(龜兔賽跑)” 的結尾可以是：When the hare got to the tree, the tortoise had already been there。
2、升華主題在文章的結尾
可以用含義較深的話點明主題，深化主題，起到“畫龍點睛”的效果。
如“I Love My Hometown(我愛家鄉)”的結尾可以是：I love my hometown, and I am proud of it.
3、反問結尾，引起深思
這種方式的結尾雖然形式是問句，但意義卻是肯定的，而且具有一定的強調作用，可引起他人的深思。
如 “Learning English can give us a lot of pleasure (學英語能為我們帶來許多樂趣)” 的結尾可以是：If we learn English well, we can …Don't you think learning English is great fun?
4、表達祝愿，闡述愿望
這種方式的結尾常出現在書信或演講稿的文體中，表示對他人的祝�；驅淼恼雇取�
如“A Letter to the Farmers(給農民們的一封信)”的結尾可以是：I hope the farmers' life will be better and better.
另外，書信的結尾常有以下形式的祝福語：Best wishes; I wish you a merry Christmas and a happy new year; I wish you have a good time等。
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