1918年11月11日，延續4年之久的第一次世界大戰以英、美、法等國的勝利和德、奧等國的失敗而告結束。1919年1月，獲勝的協約國在巴黎凡爾賽宮召開和平會議。中華民國作為戰勝國參加會議。中華民國代表在會上提出廢除外國在華特權，取消二十一條等正當要求，均遭拒絕。會議竟決定日本接管德國在華的各種特權。對這喪權辱國的條約，中華民國代表居然準備簽字承認。消息傳來，舉國震怒，群情激憤。以學生為先導的五四愛國運動就如火山爆發般地開始了。
In November 11, 1918, the first World War lasted for 4 years in Britain, America, France and other countries and the victory of Germany, Austria and other countries come to an end in failure. 1919 January, winning xiediguo held in the Palace of Versailles in Paris peace conference. The Republic of China as a victorious nation to attend the meeting. The representative of China at the proposed abolition of privileges in China and foreign countries, cancel twenty-one legitimate demands were rejected. Japan has decided to take over the meeting in Germany's privileges in china. To humiliate the country and forfeit its sovereignty of this treaty, the representative of the Republic of China was prepared to recognize the signature. When the news came out, the country burning, burning with indignation. The student led five four patriotic movement like a volcano began.
5月4日下午，北京3000多名學生在天安門前集會游行，他們高呼：“還我青島”“收回山東權利”、“拒絕在巴黎和會上簽字”、“廢除二十一條”、“抵制日貨”、“寧肯玉碎，勿為瓦全”、“外爭國權，內懲國賊”等口號，并且要求懲辦交通總長曹汝霖、幣制局總裁陸宗輿、駐日公使章宗祥，呼吁各界人士行動起來，反對帝國主義的侵略行徑，保衛中國的領土和主權。這一運動得到的工人和各階層人士的聲援和支持，上海、南京等地的工人紛紛舉行罷工或示威。在全國人民的壓力下，北洋政府被迫釋放被捕學生，罷免曹汝霖等人的職務，并指令巴黎參加會議的代表拒絕在和約上簽字。
The afternoon of May 4th, more than 3000 students in Beijing shouting at them in front of the Tiananmen demonstrations,: "I also Qingdao" "Shandong," refused to withdraw the right "in Paris and will sign", "the abolition of the twenty-one", "boycott Japanese goods," "would rather die, not for your guns", "defend our sovereignty, punish traitor" and other slogans, and for the punishment of traffic chief Cao Rulin, President of monetary Bureau Lu Zongyu, Minister Zhang Zongxiang, calls for action, fight against imperialist aggression, defend the territorial integrity and sovereignty Chinese. This campaign workers and all sectors of the solidarity and support, Shanghai, Nanjing and other places of the workers have held strikes and demonstrations. In the country under the pressure of the people, the government was forced to release the arrested students, and others recall Cao Rulin's position, and ordered the Paris representatives attending the meeting refused to sign the peace treaty.
為了繼承和發揚“五四”運動以來中國青年光榮的革命傳統，1939年，陜甘寧邊區的西北青年救國聯合會規定5月4日為青年節。1949年12月，中央人民政府政務院正式宣布這一規定。
In order to inherit and carry forward the "five four" youth movement Chinese glorious revolutionary tradition, in 1939, the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region of the Northwest China Youth Federation provides for the May 4th Youth day. In 1949 December, the Central People's government officially announced the provisions.
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