對羅斯福的評價英文版1
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Roosevelt 's New Deal
Roosevelt's New Deal was a policy adjustment made by the American bourgeoisie to overcome the economic crisis. It was a partial adjustment of the relations of production in the form of state intervention in the form of state intervention in order to adapt it to the needs of social production under the precondition of safeguarding the capitalist system. It does not change the nature of capitalism, it is impossible to fundamentally eliminate the capitalist economic crisis. But it is the capitalist countries of the social and economic life and other aspects have a significant impact.
Its direct impact is: it to a certain extent, reduce the economic crisis on the serious destruction of American society and promote the recovery of social productivity, consolidate the rule of capitalism.
The indirect effect is: due to economic recovery, the relative ease of social contradictions, to a certain extent, restore people's confidence in the US national system, thereby curbing the economic crisis caused by fascism, to avoid countries such as Germany and Japan took to fascism The dictatorship of the road.
Its far-reaching impact is: the New Deal adopted by the state's policy of comprehensive economic intervention, opened up the capitalist countries to strengthen economic intervention policy precedent. This policy strengthened the American monopoly capitalism, which not only became the beginning of modern American monopoly capitalist economic system, but also had a serious impact on the development of economic policies of many other capitalist countries. Since then, the capitalist countries have gradually abandoned the traditional laissez-faire economic policy, gradually began to strengthen the government's macroeconomic regulation and control. After World War II, the state monopoly capitalism has been further developed.
Finally, some of the ancillary measures of the "New Deal" have had far-reaching implications for today. Such as the protection of the environment and resources. During the "New Deal" period, the Congress passed the "Land Conservation and Domestic Appropriations Act", the Government sent a total of 2.5 million young people to participate in the "folk resources", the United States and the United States in the United States in the 1930s, Protection team ", but also funded the purchase of large tracts of forest and scenic areas to establish national parks, wildlife reserves and so on. Another example is the "New Deal" to promote the active thinking of the United States and the prosperity of academic literature and art.Throughout the "New Deal" period, the US government funded a large number of artists, writers and dramatists, so that they can get rid of the economy on the one hand. Difficulties, independent creation, on the other hand, the Government commissioned by the art to the school and civil society. Roosevelt's cabinet is a gathering place for intellectuals, "New Deal" has all aspects of their participation, "think tank" the resulting word.
對羅斯福的評價英文版2
"New Deal" just launched, it caused widespread concern in American society from top to bottom, different political groups to give it a different evaluation. Roosevelt's strong opponent, the newspaper king Hearst, said the New Deal was a crude deal; it was not Soak the Rich, but Soak the Successful. John Goodwin, the famous American journalist and writer, said he had heard the best definition of the "New Deal": "It is an attempt by some gutless liberals to save capitalism for the distraught capitalists."There was also a condemnation of the "New Deal" as a fascist fascination of liberalism.
American economists have two views on the "New Deal", one that the "New Deal" in encouraging the confidence of private enterprises without success, the basic conditions for the success of the capitalist order is to encourage entrepreneurial spirit entrepreneurs, and the induction of this spirit will need Stimulus and compensation, "New Deal" some measures is to suppress this spirit. The other group was Keynes and his followers, or half-followers, who argued that Roosevelt was not doing enough to make the national economy on the path of rejuvenation only if it really implemented a bold deficit-raising policy.
From Roosevelt's "New Deal" as the program for the presidency, to the "New Deal" throughout the implementation process, the United States has its two extremes of evaluation: a Roosevelt "New Deal" abandoned the American tradition, the most valuable liberalism Economic model, a socialist country like a "planned economy", many conservatives (such as former President Hoover) fear Roosevelt will banks, railways and other important national economic sector nationalization, and ultimately the United States onto politics The other is more radical point of view that Roosevelt's reform is not thorough enough radical people initially Roosevelt have great expectations, they hope that through the "New Deal", Roosevelt can not only solve the current crisis in the United States, But also to solve such as class, poverty, race and other deep-seated problems of American society.
It can be seen that the evaluation of Roosevelt's New Deal in the United States focused on the success of its intervention in the US economy, first, whether it was conducive to the political democratization of the United States.
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