英語教學：定語從句
一、課堂導入
教師讀句子，讓學生聽并復述
1. she is the girl who has blue eyes.
2. I love this English teacher whose eyes are blue.
3. A telephone is an invention which can help people talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely.
4. I like this person that has 3 story books
5. This is the office where he worked.
6. I don’t know the reason why he came so late.
二、復習預習
教師引導學生復習上節課所學的反意疑問句，包括反意疑問句的形式，祈使句的反意疑問句，there be句型的反意疑問句等， （以提問、回顧的形式進行），針對上節課的作業進行講評、訂正、答疑，并通過對反意疑問句具體用法的分析和擴展導入本節課所要學習的定語從句。
三、知識講解
知識點1：定語從句的概念和先行詞
1. 【考查點】在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。（而在一個句子中充當整個句子的賓語的句子叫做賓語從句）
如：I love this English teacher whose eyes are blue. (定語從句)
我愛眼睛是藍色的這位英語老師
I don’t know (賓語從句)
我不知道你怎樣才能到達那個公園。
2. 【考查點】被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。
如：A friend is someone who says, "What! You too? I thought I was the only one!”
A Wechat (微信) is an invention which can help people talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely.
知識點2：定語的關系詞~關系代詞
1.【考查點】既能指物也能指人的關系代詞 that，whose。
如： ① I like this person that has 3 story books. (先行詞是人person)
②先行詞是物book)
①（先行詞是teacher）
②先行詞是dog)
2、【考查點】只能用來指代人的關系詞who, whom.
如：Is he the man who wants to see you?
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
3、【考查點】只能指代物的關系詞which。
如：A prosperity which had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
4、【考查點】關系詞在句子中充當的成分。
如：1、（who/that在從句中作主語）
他就是你想見的人嗎？
2、他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）
3、作賓語） which / that在句中（
農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。
4、（(只用作定語)
那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。
（注：當上題先行詞指物時它還可以同of which互換）
如：Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
請遞給我那本綠皮的書
知識點3：關系副詞引導的定語從句
關系副詞when, where, why可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。
【考查點】關系副詞when, where, why的含義相當于"介詞+ which"結構，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用。
如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？
知識點4：關系詞的`選擇取決于從句中的謂語動詞
1.【考查點】 用關系代詞，還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關系副詞。
如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
四、例題精析
【例題1】
【題干】Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.
A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that
【答案】A
【解析】： 主語與run(延伸)是主動關系，所以用現在分詞。Those指街道，所以不用
來引導定語從句。 who而用that
【題干】Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year?
A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where
【答案】：D
【解析】：將疑問句改為陳述句：this research center is…顯然缺少先行詞，必須加上代詞the one來作先行詞，又因定語從句不缺主語或賓語，所以用關系副詞where。假若在this后加the，就選where，請想想這是為什么。
【題 干】
The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely.
A. when B. where C. which D. whose
【答案】：B
【解析】 因為表示“階段、程度、地步”的the point在定語從句中作地點狀語，所以用語從句。 where引導定
【題干】
—How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?
—Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided
A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose
【答案】：C 【解析】：因為of which引導定語從句，并在從句中作定語。of which the telephone number = whose telephone number。
五、課堂運用
【基礎】
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. Which B. where
【答案】A
【解析】：which用作關系代詞，在定語從句中作主語。C. what D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
【答案】C.
【解析】"和誰講話”要說speak to sb. 本題全句應為Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是關系代詞，作介詞to的賓語，可以省略。
3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
【答案】
【解析】是關系副詞，表示地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。 D. where
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which B. that C. when D. on which
【答案】. C.
【解析】
是關系副詞，表示時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。 when
【鞏固】
5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
【答案】A.
【解析】 which是關系代詞，在從句中作forget的賓語。其他幾個答案都不能作賓語。
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
【答案】C.
【解析】which是關系代詞，在從句中作visit的賓語。其他幾個答案都不能作賓語。
7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where B. that C. which D. there
【答案】 A.
【解析】where是關系副詞，表示地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。
【拔高】
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
【答案】A.
【解析】本句話的先行詞應該是films,因此，關系代詞that是負數概念，其謂語動詞應用復述的被動語態have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠詞the，則the one應該視為先行詞。
9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
【答案】A.
【解析】“談到某事物”應說talk about sth.。about是介詞，其后要用which作賓語，不能用that。
10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
【答案】 A.
【解析】with which是"介詞+關系代詞"結構,常用來引導定語從句.with有"用"的意思,介詞之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定語從句中作狀語,即he is writing with a pen.
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