幾乎所有的大學(xué)都會(huì)要求美國(guó)留學(xué)申請(qǐng)人提出推薦信（Recommendation Letter）,評(píng)審委員借著推薦者的文字描述,可以了解申請(qǐng)人的背景狀況。它可說(shuō)明各種成績(jī)單數(shù)字以外的其它意義,補(bǔ)充過于計(jì)量化、公式化審核的一種評(píng)估方式。 美國(guó)留學(xué)申請(qǐng)研究所一般要求三封推薦信推薦人的身份可以是曾經(jīng)教你的教授,或是現(xiàn)（曾）職工作單位主管,自已視需要組合。例如,如果你畢業(yè)十年,你的推薦人可應(yīng)有二封工作主管為宜,而畢業(yè)一兩年頂多一封即足夠。 推薦人的職務(wù),并不一定愈高愈有利,相反地,認(rèn)識(shí)你愈久而職稱不高,內(nèi)容又適當(dāng)?shù)乇磉_(dá)你的個(gè)性（Personality）,才是上乘的推薦。以下,我們將提供你推薦信需注意的要點(diǎn),幫助你著手起稿推薦信：
（一）不要拖時(shí)間,盡快起草：推薦信需要時(shí)間寫,何況又得配合老師的時(shí)間。所以盡快起草你的推薦信,以便使你的推薦者有充裕的時(shí)間,為你的推薦信效力。
（二）提供充份的信息給推薦者：如果你要推薦者能掌握你的優(yōu)點(diǎn),你得提供充份的.信息。自然,要盡量具體避免空洞地陳述。同時(shí),你也該提供你申請(qǐng)學(xué)校截止日期給推薦者參考,以免推薦者耽誤了你的申請(qǐng)。
（三）各推薦信的打字書信字體,宜選不同的型式,以示不同的推薦者。屬需要圈選的表格者,可以直接以手稿填入。
（四）在邏輯推理下,推薦者不可能知道或了解你的特質(zhì),請(qǐng)勿提及。譬如說(shuō),學(xué)生課外活動(dòng)的表現(xiàn)就不適于平常教授正式科目的教授提及,除非教授也參與其中。又如其它課堂的表現(xiàn),除非其它教授曾經(jīng)提及過,否則不適合此科教授評(píng)論學(xué)生在其它科目的表現(xiàn)。再如,學(xué)生如何在圖書館查數(shù)據(jù)、寫報(bào)告花費(fèi)的時(shí)間,一般老師是不可能知之甚詳,除非實(shí)在太特殊而略有耳聞,故也不適合在推薦信中提及。
（五）推薦信的內(nèi)容盡量簡(jiǎn)短有力：不要虛無(wú)空洞的形容詞,例如他任職于某公司時(shí),勤勞、負(fù)責(zé)、認(rèn)真、為人謙虛、誠(chéng)懇等語(yǔ)句,不宜多引用,最好講出具體事實(shí),才不流于形式,尤其不要抄襲市面的書信范例,以免流于陳腔濫調(diào),落入俗套。
（六）如果可能的話,推薦者最好與你修的科目或?qū)W校相關(guān)。譬如說(shuō)：如果你將來(lái)計(jì)劃主修英文,最好推薦人之一是英文老師。又如,如果你申請(qǐng)常春藤名校（IVY LEAGUE SCHOOL）,推薦者若也是常春藤名校出身,則其推薦信將更有力。
（七）適當(dāng)提及自己的“缺點(diǎn)”。一封推薦信如果闡述的完全是被推薦的同學(xué)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，不免讓人覺得有粉飾之嫌，如果能恰當(dāng)?shù)丶尤胍恍叭秉c(diǎn)”，不僅能令推薦信真實(shí)，還會(huì)通過“似貶實(shí)褒”，反而突出了被推薦人的特殊氣質(zhì)。例如計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)、數(shù)學(xué)專業(yè)乃至金融專業(yè)的同學(xué)，在推薦信中可以考慮加入這樣的詞句：“該生有時(shí)因?yàn)檫^分專注于研究工作而難以平衡生活各方面的關(guān)系，這不失為一種美中不足”。這句話似乎是在談“缺點(diǎn)”，但很明顯這樣的“缺點(diǎn)”其實(shí)正是很多專業(yè)最渴望的“缺點(diǎn)”——廢寢忘食的工作態(tài)度，從而使得“缺點(diǎn)”也為申請(qǐng)?zhí)峁┝司薮髱椭?/p>
推薦信包含的主要題材
（一）與申請(qǐng)者的關(guān)系：表達(dá)清楚何種方式認(rèn)識(shí)。譬如說(shuō)是老師、指導(dǎo)教授,老板等。說(shuō)明交往多久,如果是教授學(xué)生關(guān)系,對(duì)教授的科目做一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的說(shuō)明,如果推薦信者是你的老板（主管）,請(qǐng)?jiān)敿?xì)說(shuō)明你的工作職責(zé)。
（二）推薦者對(duì)申請(qǐng)人人格個(gè)性特征的印象：譬如學(xué)習(xí)精神、工作態(tài)度、與同事（同學(xué)）相處的情形、組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力、學(xué)術(shù)專長(zhǎng)、研究能力、有無(wú)工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)與否,并加注評(píng)語(yǔ)。
（三）推薦者對(duì)你能否順利完成學(xué)位的看法：譬如說(shuō),描述你對(duì)特別分配職務(wù)上的表現(xiàn),以表現(xiàn)你的應(yīng)變能力。又如,申請(qǐng)者是否有其它潛力未發(fā)揮？ 如果申請(qǐng)者的成績(jī)未盡理想,評(píng)述你對(duì)申請(qǐng)者的看法。解釋申請(qǐng)者雖然形式上的成績(jī)未盡理想,卻有極深厚的潛力尚未發(fā)揮。如果申請(qǐng)者轉(zhuǎn)系,也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)申請(qǐng)者有強(qiáng)烈的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī),根據(jù)推薦者的觀察,相信以申請(qǐng)者的表現(xiàn),一定可以成功完成學(xué)業(yè)。
（四）推薦者對(duì)申請(qǐng)人人格個(gè)性特征的印象：譬如學(xué)習(xí)精神、工作態(tài)度、與同事（同學(xué)）相處的情形、組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力、學(xué)術(shù)專長(zhǎng)、研究能力、有無(wú)工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)與否,并加注評(píng)語(yǔ)。
（五）重述推薦者對(duì)申請(qǐng)人的支持及能力的確認(rèn),以再次肯定對(duì)申請(qǐng)人的支持與推薦。
美國(guó)留學(xué)申請(qǐng)推薦信的模式 推薦信的格式有些模式可循,以下將針對(duì)各段提供模式作參考：
（一）抬頭可用的格式有： Dear Sir/Madam; To Whom It May Concern:
（二）第一段：引文句子可以引用如： “It is a pleasure to recommend to you (name), a former student of mine at (name of university).” “I an very happy to have this opportunity to recommend (name), who is presently applying for admission to your graduate (or undergraduate) program in (name of program).” “I understand that (name) is applying for admissions to your graduate (undergraduate) school, and has requested that I write this letter of recommendation for her/him.” “In my capacity as professor at xxxx University, I have known xxx for thr
ee years, as both his/her advisor and professor.”
（三）第二段：這段可以提供最實(shí)質(zhì)的內(nèi)容。譬如,如果推薦者是教授, 解釋學(xué)生在他門下所修的課程。“(name) took two of my courses during the 1984-85 academic year, as follows; “xxxxx” and “xxxxx”.” “(Name) was eolled in three of classes from September 1984 to June 1986 “xxx” and “xxx”.” 接下來(lái),教授寫一些有關(guān)申請(qǐng)人在課堂上的表現(xiàn),如完成的研究計(jì)劃、實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究、研究報(bào)告、考試的成績(jī)、課堂態(tài)度、討論課的參與等,舉出實(shí)例。 “In my class (es), (name) did excellent work. She always listened attentively, participated activitely in class, and handed in very good written assignment. “In particular, his/her research paper on (topic) was of exceptionally high quality, and showed that s/he fully understands and has a strong background in his/her field.” 如果推薦人是工作主管,首先一定要仔細(xì)陳述申請(qǐng)人的工作職責(zé),并對(duì)申請(qǐng)者工作表現(xiàn)作一評(píng)估。如果可能的話盡量列舉實(shí)例。 “When (name) held the position of (job title) in this company she was one s/he was one of my best employees. His/her job responsibilities included (describe them), and s/he carried out his/her duties with exceptional skill and professionalism.” “S/he not only did his/her own work, but also helped other employees, and made many valuable contributions to the efficient running to our firm.” 第二段最后一段：可以提及申請(qǐng)人在班上（或公司里）的比較表現(xiàn)（譬如排名）： “I was rate (name)'s academic ability as in the top 10% of his/her class.” “Compared against other students that I have taught, I would say that (name) ranks in the upper 10%. 接下來(lái),推薦者可對(duì)申請(qǐng)人能否成功完成學(xué)業(yè)提出看法。舉例： “Based on his/her previous performance, I am certain that (name) would be a very successful student at your university.” “I believe that (name) possesses all the qualities necessary to make an excellent graduate student in his/her chosen field, and am sure that s/he will make a fine addition to your campus.”
（四）第三段：如果還有其它話想說(shuō),請(qǐng)另寫一段.例如：英文能力、溝通技巧、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能、特殊學(xué)術(shù)或工作背景。譬如說(shuō),如果申請(qǐng)人欲申請(qǐng)的科系是企管系,推薦者可著力描寫他們有關(guān)申請(qǐng)人商業(yè)的專門技術(shù)、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能,以及申請(qǐng)者所參加的商業(yè)活動(dòng),例如,有關(guān)商業(yè)方面的組織社團(tuán)。又如,申請(qǐng)人申請(qǐng)護(hù)理研究所,推薦者可著力描寫他們關(guān)懷的態(tài)度、處理實(shí)驗(yàn)室的技能,或是對(duì)病人的奉獻(xiàn)。
（五）最后,以幾句結(jié)尾作總結(jié)； “Therefore, I am happy to highly and without reservation recommend (name) for admission to your graduate program. Your kind/serious consideration of his/her application would be most appreciated.” “I am thus pleased to give my full support and recommendation to (name)'s application for admission to your school. If any further information is required, please feel free to contact me.” 簽名： Sincerely, Sincerely yours, Very truly yours, With best regards,
下面結(jié)合上面的部分內(nèi)容，給出一篇推薦信樣例（被推薦的同學(xué)是數(shù)學(xué)系的）
Dear Sir/Madam: I am writing this letter of recommendation for Mr.Caleb,my former student. I have known Mr. Caleb for more than 6 years since his freshman year at "University of Minnesota". At that time, he took the course-- "Mathematical Analysis," which I taught mainly for junior students majoring in Mathematics. To my surprise, I found he was among the few students in his class who could keep up with the pace of my lectures. Moreover, he often posed thought-provoking questions during the course. Thus it was natural that I liked discussing with this young man and became familiar with him. The more I knew him, the more I found he was talented at mathematics. As you can see, he got excellent scores on the course. In fact, he ranked No. 1 on this 270 hours course in the talented student class which has 34 intelligent others. With his outstanding talent and solid mathematical background, he also did quite well in most other courses during his undergraduate study. By the way, you may wonder why his undergraduate scores look not so good compared to other Chinese applicants. It is easy to explain, because he belonged to the talented st
udent class, which were required to endure harder test papers and stricter grading than most other college students did at least at "University of Minnesota". He even served as Prof. Linda s Research Assistant for one year. No one could deny his commitment to his job. As a matter of fact, Prof. Linda s electronic lab happened to be neighboring my office and I could always see him working in the lab, either repairing the instruments or helping Prof. Linda collect lab reports. Maybe one more example will demonstrate his commitment more clearly. Once he suggested compiling a FORTRAN program to solve a complicated circuit problem in his class. In order to do that, he had to do a lot of computer work. However, because there were few computers available in our computer lab, he had to wake up at 5 a.m. in winter (please note: "Twin city" is a downtown near the north border of China, so it is pretty cold in winter and the heating system is not working very well.) to ensure the 1st position of the long waiting line for his classmates and himself! At last he and his classmates finished the program successfully with his great efforts. As to his personality, I would like to say Mr. Caleb is a warm-hearted, honest and upright student. He was always ready to help others. During my lectures, many students got confused at some points and I could always see Mr. Caleb help them explain during breaks. In the meanwhile, I must admit that Mr. Caleb was a bit impatient sometimes. Finally, I would like to conclude my recommendation as follows: frankly, Mr. Caleb is not a genius, but I promise his great intelligence, commitment to work and his kind nature will impress you deeply. Thus I recommend him without reservation for his admission and financial aid to your program. Please feel free to contact me if needed. Sincerely Yours, XXX
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